Specialized Converter Tools

Cooking measurements convert between volume (cups, tablespoons) and weight (grams, ounces) using ingredient-specific densities. One cup of flour (120g) weighs less than one cup of sugar (200g) because densities differ. The Cooking Measurement Converter and Baking Ingredient Converter use standard density tables for common ingredients. Always use weight for baking precision, as volume measurements vary with packing. Professional recipes specify grams for consistency. Gas Mark Converter translates UK oven settings (1-9) to Celsius/Fahrenheit for international recipes.

Torque conversions matter for mechanical specifications and automotive maintenance. Torque measures rotational force: tightening bolts, engine output, tool ratings. Common units include Newton-meters (Nm, metric), pound-feet (lb-ft, imperial), and inch-pounds (in-lb, smaller fasteners). The Torque Converter uses 1 Nm = 0.7376 lb-ft. Proper torque prevents over-tightening (breaking fasteners) or under-tightening (loosening). Always use torque wrenches calibrated to your preferred unit. Engine torque specs differ from fastener torque specs.

Pressure conversions handle tire pressure, weather readings, and fluid systems. Common units include PSI (pounds per square inch, US), Bar (metric), kPa (kilopascals), atm (atmospheres), and mmHg (millimeters of mercury, medical). The Pressure Converter uses 1 Bar = 14.5 PSI. Car tires typically require 30-35 PSI (2.1-2.4 Bar). Weather stations use kPa or mmHg. Dive computers use Bar or atm. Always verify which unit your gauge reads to avoid dangerous over/under inflation.

Power unit conversions transform between watts (metric) and horsepower (imperial). The Power Unit Converter uses 1 HP = 746 watts. Electric motors rate in kW, gas engines in HP. This confuses comparisons: a 100 HP car engine equals 75 kW. Mechanical horsepower (HP) differs from metric horsepower (PS): 1 HP = 1.014 PS. Fuel Efficiency Converter transforms between MPG (miles per gallon), L/100km (liters per 100 kilometers), and km/L. US MPG differs from UK MPG (20% difference) due to different gallon definitions.

Engine Displacement Converter translates between cubic centimeters (cc), liters, and cubic inches. A 2000cc engine equals 2.0 liters or 122 cubic inches. US specs use cubic inches for older vehicles, cc for motorcycles, and liters for modern cars. Paper Size Converter compares ISO A-series (A4, A3) with North American sizes (Letter, Legal). A4 (210×297mm) is taller and narrower than Letter (8.5×11 inches = 216×279mm), affecting document layouts and printing.